如今,越来越多的国内学子选择到国外进行留学。到了国外之后,许多的留学生都会碰到这么一个问题:essay不会写!但这也不能怪小伙伴们,毕竟国内外教育制度不同,方式也不同,自然连作业的写作方法也跟国内有很大的区别了。但其实essay的写作还是有一份总体大纲的,下面51due小编就带大家一起来了解下吧!
一、基本要求 1.格式 平时的小作业有essay 和 report 两种格式。 Essay:结构分为introduction, main body,和 conclusion,且不用太复杂的结构。 Report:需要有 executive summary, 结构要求很高,文章分为几个部分,每个部分都要有大标题,下面还要有副标题等等。 2.References问题 文章一定要有references (参考文献), 就是引用别人文章中的观点,但是这个引用不能整段整段地直接用书上或网上的文章,亦或者杂志上的文章内容。如果一段话中有超过三个词是引用的,就要表明references(如果完全是用自己的语言将别人的观点说出来了,引用的词是两个或更少,就可以不用标出references)。 另外,如果要直接引用整一段原话,则要用引号标出,且这样的引用比率不能超过全文字数的5%;全文注明references的文字,就是引用的文字不能超过全文字数的30%。 再者,references (参考文献)可以是书,也可以是学术杂志上发表的文章,或者网上的文章,但是引用的文章最好大多数是近十年的文章,而且references一定要按照正确方法标注;references 在文中的引用需要用括号标出作者和年代,而在文后的references列表中一定要用Harvard references system的格式来标出参考文献。 参考文献的数量也是有要求的,一般是每1000 字要求有5个references。 3.字数问题 字数是要按照要求写的,否则会扣分;文后的references列表和附录 (appendix)是不算字的。 比如,文章要求如果是4000字,那正文的字数就是4000 +/- 10% 字。 如果要求no more than 4000 words, 那正文的字数就不能超过4000字; 如果要求 no less than 4000 words, 那正文的字数就不能少于4000字; 如果要求4000-4500 words, 那正文的字数就要写4000-4500字之间。 4.人称问题 因为写的作业都属于学术文章,所以不能用第一人称(I, we, in my opinion,…) 这样主观的说法,但可以用被动语态。 不能说 I DO STH,要说 XX HAS BEEN DONE…特别是在写REPORT的时候, 老师会更喜欢看到被动语句。 5.Introduction和Executive summary 的区别 Introduction:不能在introduction说出文章的结论,introduction是对文章要写内容和结构的介绍。 Executive summary:阐述文章得出的finding, conclusion, recommendations。 二、写作内容注意事项 1.英国人的思维是反方向的,所以,我们写东西也要这样。 不要在文章开始就写出结论(你自己的观点),而是要先阐述能验证结论的论证,最后再得出结论。 比如我们的习惯是先有观点,譬如:我想吃蔬菜(这就是你的观点),然后我们会去论证这个观点,譬如:我今天需要补充维生素,维生素对于我身体有好处(这些是你的论证),这些论证放在一起,就是对观点"我想吃蔬菜"的总结,而在外国人眼里看来,你要先说"蔬菜有很多的维生素",都有哪一种,每一种对人体都有什么好处,最后再说出我们的观点"我想吃蔬菜",这样才是具有说服力的说法,如果可以的话还可以再举个reference什么的。 2.得出结论的时候要把自己的观点放在最前面,因为自己的观点在他们的眼里才是最重要的;reference要引用别人说的话,所以要放在自己的观点后面作为辅助,用来证明自己的观点。切记不要在他人的观点写出来后,再自己作分析,因为,论文要的是我们所想的东西,别人的观点已经是得出来的结果了,用结果写分析,老师会觉得你没有自己的观点,甚至认为你是抄的。 3.引用观点的时候不要整段引用,而是要挑出关键词,并且多过3个字,还要标明是在哪里引用的。如果需要大量引用观点,不妨尝试把观点拆开引用,并在每个观点之前先写上自己的观点或者理解;如果引用不够三个字,则可以不标明为reference并直接使用,当作自己的观点。 4.英国老师很喜欢表格、图表等等表示各种数据的东西,在他们看来这是专业的象征,所以只要是和数字有关的,不妨都多画一个图表。Excel便可以把文章里的数据套进去,51due小编建议大家可以尝试一下。数据可以是在验证后得到的,也可以是自己估计的,详细的情况要在文章中进行解释。 5.千万不要为了凑字数而重复叙述,小伙伴们可以从不同的角度来验证自己的这句话,或者别人的话,不同的角度一写字数就多了,而且只要这个观点是对的,老师会觉得你很有见地,分析又全面,这只会给小伙伴们长分而不会减分。 以上为小编为大家整理的英国essay写作总体大纲参考,希望能够帮助到大家。更多剑桥essay辅导,爱丁堡essay辅导等论文辅导,可以关注51Due英国论文代写平台。51Due作为专业的留学教育辅导机构,专业辅导essay代写-伯明翰assignment代写-paper代写-曼彻斯特论文代写,自2004年至今,坚持以学生为中心,全天候服务,为海外留学生完成了数万篇以上的论文,以优质的英国代写服务赢得留学生的信赖,有代写需求或者essay辅导需求的,可以咨询QQ800020041哦。 51Due网站原创范文除特殊说明外一切图文著作权归51Due所有,未经51Due官方授权谢绝任何用途转载或刊发于媒体。如发生侵犯著作权现象,51Due保留一切法律追诉权。-C
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每年的留学季,总有那么多的国内学子出国进行留学。对于母语为中文的小伙伴们来说,英语基础不扎实着实让人头痛了!这不仅会影响以后的学习,还会对留学的交际产生一定的影响,所以英国的大学为小伙伴们提供了相关的语言课程,下面就让51due小编来为大家介绍一下这个课程吧!
1、英国留学语言课程是什么? 语言课程一般教授的是学术英语。通俗来说,就是英语的学术训练,主体包括陈述、论文和文献的阅读。 陈述一般比重不大,主要是针对技巧性的东西进行讲解;论文主要是教授英国的写作思维与方式,在英国人看来,东方人尤其是中国人的思维很绕弯儿,英国人的思维就很简单,不喜欢细细发掘,而喜欢直捣黄龙。 2、英国大学语言课程一般包含哪些内容的学习?这些学习是否是必要的? 语言课程除了教授一般的生活应用英语外,更多的是侧重于提高学生在大学学习过程中所应有的写作能力,例如论文或作业的写作能力。 语言课程一般都是由大学的语言中心(LANGUAGE CENTRE)提供,教学的老师都是有多年大学语言教学经验的,所以是非常有经验以及有针对性的。学生进入大学之后,面临的一大问题是怎样提高写作水平。因为英国大学课程要求学生写大量的作业和论文,所以学生应该尽快掌握正确的写作方法,对于学生而言,这也是一个比较好的可以提前适应学习生活和提高语言水平的机会。 3、英国大学语言课程的费用很贵吗? 以往学生不愿选择语言课程主要是因为价格。很多小伙伴都认为语言学校很贵,甚至有些学生认为学习语言需要十多万。其实不然。这里51due小编必须讲清楚一点:语言课程的时间长度是以学生当前雅思成绩而定的,雅思水平与大学要求的语言水平相差0.5分,一般是读4-8周,依次往上类推,另外,具体的时间还因学校而异。显然,价格是和时间长度成正比的,并且这里有很重要的一点:并不是雅思考多少分都可以申请语言课,各个大学都会有自己的标准,低于这个标准即使想支付学费也是没有机会参加这个课程的(具体各校各专业的最低标准以其官网最新资讯为准)。因此,在国内努力提高自己的语言能力是非常必要的。 4、英国留学语言课程有什么用? 如果小伙伴们是想用语言课程来提高英语成绩,那么可能性是不大的;但如果是想适应伦敦生活和以后的学术环境,那么51due小编建议大家可以申请。 语言课程对提高英语的帮助就本身而言真的不高,一个班十几个人就有十个以上的中国人,而课堂上基本上老师也是自己说自己的,发言的机会并不多,所以能锻炼英语的只有课下了。但是哪里有机会呢?酒吧、社团、商店、路边、流浪汉等等,机会其实随处可见,就看大家自己会不会主动去找了。 语言课程对口语的帮助仅限于语言课程期间跟外国人对话的机会比在国内更多,以及对于学术写作和思维模式的了解。对于真正的口语进步,语言课程的作用是非常有限的,甚至不能教会我们多少俚语的使用。因为在英国说英语的有两类人群,一类是接受过高等教育的,又或者是经过专业职业训练的人,说的是带有伦敦腔的标准英语,他们一般说话非常好懂,因为他们的宗旨是,用最简练的语言表达出最精准的意思。因此基本不屑于用俚语,跟这样的人交流基本无障碍;第二类人则是带有浓重口音或者说话比较生活化的人,这部分人说话吞音吐音连音俚语极多,而且语速大多极快,尤其是一些乡下的口音,所以经常会让我们头昏脑胀。当然,如果平时小伙伴们接触的老师和服务业职员说的都是标准英语,又想跟当地人交朋友的话,那就必须下苦功夫去学会听,甚至是说生活化的英语了,因为即便是小编所说的这两类人,他们在日常生活也很少会这么说话。 5、英国留学语言课程通过率 语言课程一般有80%的通过率,根据一些小伙伴的讲述,UCL的通过率是70%,LSE没有通过率一说,因为必须再考雅思,剑桥语言课程纯粹就是小型预科,曼大的有95%,从这些通过率可以看出,在读语言课程之前,我们必须尽量确保雅思符合要求,或者拥有一定的语言基础。 最后51due小编要提醒大家一句:如果选择了读语言课程,那么尽量是拿着uncon来,别想着用语言考试来抵雅思。除非你们学校的语言课程通过率很高;可是一旦没有通过,就要找各个部门argue,但这时候你会发现被各种踢皮球,结果只能另找其他学校了。所以51due奉劝大家,一定要慎重选择语言课程! 以上为小编为大家整理的英国留学语言课程,希望能够帮助到大家。更多剑桥essay辅导,爱丁堡essay辅导等论文辅导,可以关注51Due英国论文代写平台。51Due作为专业的留学教育辅导机构,专业辅导essay代写-伯明翰assignment代写-paper代写-曼彻斯特论文代写,自2004年至今,坚持以学生为中心,全天候服务,为海外留学生完成了数万篇以上的论文,以优质的英国代写服务赢得留学生的信赖,有代写需求或者essay辅导需求的,可以咨询51Due哦。 对于准备到英国留学的国内学子来说,留学费用可谓是一项需要反复考量的事情了。对于留学的学生来说,每年需要缴纳多少学费呢?不同的学历学费又有何不同?下面,大家就跟着51due小编一起来了解一下2017年英国留学的学费吧!
一、学费 1.本科生 注:英国大学学费以每年3~5%的速度递增,所以会一年比一年高。 2.研究生 硕士预科跟本科预科的学费差不多,一般是一年1万镑左右;硕士费用跟本科差距不是很大,平均高出2000 ~ 3000镑左右,但是只需一年时间便可完成学习,性价比确实不低。除部分商科、传媒和医学类专业较高以外,其他的专业一般平均的每年学费在12万到18万镑之间。 工商管理硕士MBA 一般在3~4万镑,例如在华威商学院读一年制MBA学费是34,400镑,在曼彻斯特商学院读一年半制则是40,000镑。 3.博士生 博士一般是3、4年才能修完的,一般来说每年9,000~20,000镑左右,具体费用还需要看专业和学校。但是需要做实验的专业普遍会贵一些,如在诺丁汉大学读经济学博士学位,每年是13,470镑,而读分子药理与药物发现学(Molecular Pharmacy and Drug Discovery)则是23,850镑, 所以小伙伴们一定要积极申请奖学金啊! 二、生活费 英国的生活费用总体上是较高的,其中伦敦的物价最高,伦敦周边地区,以及剑桥、牛津的生活费也不低;但是大城市也有相对来说便宜一些的,如卡迪夫(据今年苏格兰银行出的一份报告,貌似是学生平均花费最低的哟),还有曼彻斯特和利物浦等。每个人的生活方式和消费观念不一样,所以其实我们很难给出一个确定的数字~ 根据WORKgateways网站(专门为对英国消费水平不了解的工作、学习人群提供信息)的统计,51due小编简单列了以下几项日常活动及消费的费用,且均是平均水平。 1.住宿费 18岁及以下的留学生费用是包括吃住的,不像其他学习阶段的留学生需要自己租宿舍或者在外面租房,自己做饭以及下饭馆等等。 一般来说,一年的生活费在7200镑左右,但是伦敦就要9000~1W镑了,就拿在伦敦租房来说吧,在西伦敦租一个小小一居室每月六七百镑都不止呢! 2.交通费 英国的公共交通体系不算特别强大,除了伦敦和格拉斯哥有地铁,其它地区主要是以公交车和火车为主,偏僻一点的比如康尔沃连公路都非常少。 但是从英国坐廉价航班去欧洲玩那真是便宜极了,平均乘坐Easyjet的航班去爱尔兰只要五六百人民币哦! 在伦敦,公共交通、跨城火车以及租车等的常规费用如下所示: 一个周末的中小型轿车租费在£70-80之间,起步价最低有£2.40,大概15分钟车程10镑吧~ 从英格兰坐火车去爱丁堡单程最贵可达£100 +,提前预订的话可以买到£30到£40左右的票。 从英格兰坐火车去布莱顿、剑桥要£17-20。 3.伙食费 如果同学们不太适应西方的餐饮方式,也是可以自己做饭的。这样不仅省钱,还是一种很好的社交手段。在英国的学生们经常通过聚餐结交朋友,如果这个时候做得一手拿手的中国好菜,一定会在交友的派对上大受欢迎。吃不多的女生一个星期的买菜钱(包括肉,米和水果等)可以少至160-250,吃的较多的男生大概250-400,也就是说假如小伙伴们自己做饭,而且不浪费的话,一年下来在吃饭方面的花费不会超过2万。 4.其他费用 在英国出行方面,最为经济和便捷的是购买一些年票,如Arriva的年票,或者railcard年票。另外还有一些必需的费用,如购买生活必需品,时令的衣服和生病就医等等。总的来说在英国留学,生活费用地区间费用差别较大,但每年7-10万左右的生活费,相信还是足够满足一个留学生花销的。 5.旅游费 英国的大学每年有三个假期(圣诞节、复活节和暑期),其中暑期可长达三个月,若归国探亲往返机票大约需要800英镑,假期旅游的费用每年约为600至1000英镑。 以上为小编为大家整理的2017年英国留学学费一览,希望能够帮助到大家。更多剑桥essay辅导,爱丁堡essay辅导等论文辅导,可以关注51Due英国论文代写平台。51Due作为专业的留学教育辅导机构,专业辅导essay代写-伯明翰assignment代写-paper代写-曼彻斯特论文代写,自2004年至今,坚持以学生为中心,全天候服务,为海外留学生完成了数万篇以上的论文,以优质的英国代写服务赢得留学生的信赖,有代写需求或者essay辅导需求的,可以咨询QQ800020041哦。 51Due网站原创范文除特殊说明外一切图文著作权归51Due所有,未经51Due官方授权谢绝任何用途转载或刊发于媒体。如发生侵犯著作权现象,51Due保留一切法律追诉权。-C 英国Dissertation代写论文精选:“关于东南亚旅客人数涨幅趋势的相关研究(5)”,这篇论文主要讲述了马来西亚旅游业的发展及未来经济规划。据马来西亚官方旅游网站的讲述,他们的目标是促进马来西亚成为一个优秀的旅游目的地。
Negative impacts: (1) Inflation Tourism developments often generate inflationary effects on local economies relating to land, property and goods. The prices of goods, services, land and housing will increase because of the tourism. If all the prices of the goods and services are increasing but the local community's income didn't increase, therefore their living standard will be affected. (2) Increases potential for imported labour Because of the tourism is a seasonal industry, there have peak season and low season in a year. Therefore, when in low season or on financial crisis many tourism sectors will hire labour that come from third country because their wages and salaries are cheap and lower than the local people. Nowadays , many restaurant, theme park and hotel are hiring many imported labour, so that it will affect local community's job opportunities. (3) Leakage Leakage is means repatriation of profits generated from foreign capital investment or capital flight. A leakage will occurs is when the money will flow out to the economy of a region because a local consumer has purchased a product from an outside supplier. For example, if a theme park needs to buy a playing machine like roller coaster but it couldn't found in Malaysia, therefore they need to buy it from other country. Due to that kind of reason, there are many money will flow out to the country. Another reason is Tourism Malaysia need to promote Malaysia to all around the world, therefore they need to do promotion in overseas, and government will spend a lot of money to advertise in overseas, so that the money will goes to other country. CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3.1 General Methodology This study will use quantitative analyse technique. Quantitative technique is suitable for researcher or hotelier to monitor customer satisfaction and estimate the growth of international tourist arrival, economic analysis, tourist demand and receipts on the local economy. (Shane Hall, 2010) For measure customer's satisfaction of services or tourist demand will using satisfaction surveys to complete it. Other than satisfaction survey, also survey of tourist profile, which is to measure the tourist profile such as country of origin, length of stay and details of expenditure and etc. Those survey will printed on questionnaire form, will asking the tourist to rate the satisfaction of the services, their experience, the quality of accommodations or food and will ask the tourist come for which country, how much they willing to spend during the trip and income. 3.2 Research Design In this research will analyze the number of international tourist's arrival to Malaysia, how it affects to economic. The dependant variables is the tourism demand, in this tourism demand is include the number of tourist arrivals, tourist expenditure and number of tourist nights. To measure the volume of the tourism is to use the number of tourist arrivals in Malaysia from other country. The number of tourist arrivals can clearly to show the demand for tourism. In this study, all the international tourists' arrivals statistics is published by Ministry of Tourism Malaysia. Moreover, the independent variables are the tourist income, changes of employment and number of investment etc. 3.3 Sources of Data In this research all the data is using secondary data, which is the data is from Ministry of Tourism Malaysia. 3.3.1 Secondary Data All methods of data collection can supply quantitative data (numbers, statistics or financial) or qualitative data (usually words or text). Quantitative data may often be presented in tabular or graphical form. Secondary data is data that has already been collected by someone else for a different purpose to yours. For example, this could mean using: data collected by a hotel on its customers through its guest history system data supplied by a marketing organisation annual company reports government statistics. Surveys...go interview government, tourism board to get the data primary is something tat u will do for get ur own date secondary is date tat get from perious researcher 3.4 Sampling Technique 3.4.1 Respondents 3.5 Statistical Treatment of Data Measure customer satisfaction by using satisfaction surveys. A high level of customer satisfaction is an important outcome measure for hospitality-related businesses, such as hotels, restaurants, and resorts. Satisfaction surveys can be printed on a postcard-sized form with questions asking customers to rate their satisfaction with various aspects of their visit, such as quality of accommodations, food and service. The surveys can ask customers to rate their experience with a Likert scale of responses (e.g., excellent, good, fair, poor). These responses can be numerically coded in a spreadsheet and analyzed with frequency distributions and descriptive statistics. Estimate the impact of the hospitality and tourism industry by using input-output analysis. This matrix-based method of economic analysis shows how parts of a system are affected by changes in one part of a system. The hospitality industry consists of different sectors, including hotels, restaurants, resorts, convention facilities, airlines, and other sectors. Each of these sectors can be thought of as inputs that combine to produce a local or regional economic impact. Use longitudinal methods of analysis, such as time-series regression techniques, to analyze the hospitality industry over time. Managers of hospitality and tourism-related businesses are likely to encounter longitudinal data, such as sales figures over multiple years, average daily hotel rates compared to other hotels, restaurant and hotel sales figures over a number of years, or hotel occupancy rates. Regression, which analyzes the impact of one of more independent variables over an outcome (dependent variable) of interest, such as sales or occupancy rates, provides a useful technique of analysis. 51Due作为专业的留学教育辅导机构,专业辅导essay代写-伯明翰assignment代写-paper代写-曼彻斯特论文代写,自2004年至今,坚持以学生为中心,全天候服务,为海外留学生完成了数万篇以上的论文,以优质的英国代写服务赢得留学生的信赖,有代写需求或者剑桥essay辅导、爱丁堡essay辅导需求的,可以咨询QQ800020041哦。 51Due网站原创范文除特殊说明外一切图文著作权归51Due所有,未经51Due官方授权谢绝任何用途转载或刊发于媒体。如发生侵犯著作权现象,51Due保留一切法律追诉权。-C 英国Dissertation代写论文精选:“关于东南亚旅客人数涨幅趋势的相关研究(4)”,这篇论文讲述了东南亚的旅游业发展,并着重讲述了马来西亚旅游业对马来西亚经济的促进作用。
2.3 Economic impacts of Tourism in Malaysia When discussing the economic impacts of tourism, will touch on how the economic affect the tourism and how the tourism industry influence the economic. In year 1997 to 2000, the global economic downturn, it serious to affect the tourism industry in Malaysia, in year 2000 the international tourist arrivals only get 10.2 million and receipt 17.8 billion of revenue. On that financial crisis period, many tourism industry were facing financial problem it is because the economy of that period is unstable, there are less people are going travel all around the world. The hotel and the travel agencies will facing can't get their room occupancy and less booking and reservation's problem, so they need to cut down their manpower, and they offer their workers to work less hours and paying low salary or hire labour that from other country because their salary and wages is cheaper than local labour, therefore many local people losing their jobs. Due to economy downturn, there are less tourist come to Malaysia to travel, the foreign exchange earnings and tax revenue and job opportunities are decline and decrease. Once the local people's income is affected, they will reduce to expend their money, it will influence many industries. According to Archer (1989) states that economic impact analysis is an economic approach used to measure inter alia the amount of income, government revenue, employment and imports generated in an economy by the direct and secondary effects of the tourist expenditure. Direct effects is the tourist paying and spending their money directly flow through the economy or the tourism sectors, for example, the tourist spent RM 1500 for lodging and this amount of money will directly affect the sales in the hotel sector, and the hotel will using this money to pay for labour wages and salary and paying various government taxes and charges. Secondary effect is the sales, and job resulting from the activity generated other companies or industry of the economic system because of the demand of the tourism industry. For example, the hotel need to buys cutlery and cooking material from supplier to deliver the services to their customers. The cutlery and cooking material supplier also need to buys raw materials and machinery from other industries, therefore the sales of the supplier and other industries, income and job opportunities is related and come from direct effect. On the other hand, tourism industry can contribute many foreign exchange, gross domestic product (GDP), government taxes revenue and job opportunities to Malaysia. Every year, Malaysia received many tourists that come from other country, once the tourist come to Malaysia to travel it will bring a lot of foreign exchange, increase Malaysia's gross domestic product (GDP) and increase government taxes revenue. 2.4 Positive and negative impacts Once discuss about impact of certain issue, there have positive and negative impacts will be discussed. The positive and negative impacts are must related to the local community, because local community playing an important role in tourism and economic. Without local community, the tourism and economic can't get their target. Positive impacts: (1) Increasing the gross domestic product (GDP), increase foreign exchange earnings and increase government revenue like taxes collection Tourism can bring many foreign exchanges to Malaysia, and it also increases the gross domestic product within Malaysia. Once the foreign tourist come to Malaysia travel they will spend and they will pay the government taxes and charge while they staying in hotel or they went to shopping, it can increase the taxes and charges revenue of Malaysia. (2) Contribute and increase job opportunities Tourism can contribute a lot of job opportunities, once the economy growth the tourism sectors such as hotel, restaurant, theme park, travel agencies and etc, they will hire more workers to fulfil their requirements. Tourism is a more seasonal industry, because there have peak season and shoulder season in a year. When peak season, many tourism sectors will hire more workers or wants their workers work overtime and they will increase their wages and salaries. (3) Increase local community income and improving the living standard In some rural area and some place that is create as tourist attraction, therefore it will attract many tourist go to visit and travel. Tourism brings a lot of tourist to that place it helps the economy on that area more thriving and prosperous because once many tourists go there, the local community have a chance to earn money and satisfy the tourist demand. Once the local community's income increase, their living standard also will improve. (4) Improves and increase investments, development and infrastructure Tourism not only can bring a lot of foreign exchange, it also can bring a lot of investment to Malaysia. There are many international hotel come to invest in Malaysia, they will invest to local hotel or open new hotel. It will attract more investors to come Malaysia to invest other industry, and it can increase Malaysia's international investment. When there many tourist and investors come and visit Malaysia, they will using and evaluate the facilities and infrastructure, it will effect Malaysia's goodwill. Therefore, government will develop and upgrade some of the facilities and infrastructure, it not only benefit to the tourist, and local community also will get the benefit of it. 51Due作为专业的留学教育辅导机构,专业辅导essay代写-伯明翰assignment代写-paper代写-曼彻斯特论文代写,自2004年至今,坚持以学生为中心,全天候服务,为海外留学生完成了数万篇以上的论文,以优质的英国代写服务赢得留学生的信赖,有代写需求或者剑桥essay辅导、爱丁堡essay辅导需求的,可以咨询QQ800020041哦。 51Due网站原创范文除特殊说明外一切图文著作权归51Due所有,未经51Due官方授权谢绝任何用途转载或刊发于媒体。如发生侵犯著作权现象,51Due保留一切法律追诉权。-C 英国Dissertation代写论文精选:“关于东南亚旅客人数涨幅趋势的相关研究(3)”,这篇论文主要介绍了马来西亚旅游业的发展以及对旅游业为马来西亚所带来的丰富收入。
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Development of economic on tourism in Malaysia Before Malaysia independence in 1957, Malaysia's economy is more focus in tin, rubber, and palm oil and petroleum products. On that period, tourism industry haven't fully affects on Malaysia economy, but after independence, the Malaysia government has attention on develop of tourism industry, therefore on 1972 Malaysia government established Tourist Development Corporation of Malaysia (TDC), to the tourism developing programme. However, Malaysia government focus more on tourism industry on 1980s, because of the decrease in oil and world economic crisis. Tourism industry not only affects positively on economy also affect the increase foreign exchange earnings, taxes revenues and job opportunities on 1980s. Consequently, the government was established one more department called The Ministry of Culture, Arts and Tourism on 1987 and TDC has merged to this department become to the Ministry of Tourism in 2004. In order to encourage and improve private and local investment in tourism industry government was launched two types of funds to help the investors on 2001, which is Tourism Infrastructure Fund with allocation of RM 700 million and Special Fund for Tourism Infrastructure with allocation of RM 400 million. Nevertheless, in 2005 the government increase the Tourism Infrastructure funds to RM 1.2 billion. (Government Malaysia, 2006) In 1980, international tourist of arrivals in Malaysia only 2.3million and the receipts revenue were RM 7 billion but its increase year by year. In 1999, Malaysia Tourism board has launched one campaign call "Malaysia Truly Asia"; it is a program that promotes Malaysia to worldwide tourist. Due to this campaign, Malaysia receipts 7.9 million of international tourist arrivals in Malaysia and receipts around RM 12.3 billion revenue. Moreover, during year 2001 until 2005 there have many terrorism attacks issue and natural disaster occur, it affect the growth of tourism industry and economy in Malaysia, especially on year 2003 and year 2004 there have terrorism and SARS issue in that two years the economic and tourism industry in Malaysia was decline, therefore Tourism Malaysia was launched "Visit Malaysia Year" on 2007, its success to increase the international tourists arrivals numbers to 20.9 million and receipts around RM 46.1 billion revenue.( Tourism Malaysia Statistics, 2010). Figure 1, it shows that during year 2000 to 2009 international tourists arrivals to Malaysia and receipts, it increase year by year. In order to develop tourism in Malaysia, Tourism Malaysia was launched one campaign that can stimulate the economic in Malaysia. The campaign is called "Malaysia My Second Home Programme" (MM2H), which is promoted by the government of Malaysia, this programme is encourage and allow the foreigners come to Malaysia to invest and stay in Malaysia for long time. This programme bring a lot of foreign exchange and investors to Malaysia, it can helps the economy and increase the job opportunities in Malaysia. Besides that, Ministry of Tourism Malaysia work with many sectors to launch many programmes to helps the economy and tourism such as student tourism programme which attract more overseas student come to Malaysia having education once they come to Malaysia to study, there can earn more foreign exchange; this programme is collaboration with Minister of Education. Under the Ninth Malaysia Plan (2006-2010), because of the revenue of foreign exchange are keep growing and for maintain it government Malaysia will develop Malaysia as a main international tourist destination while will enhancing domestic tourism during 2006 to 2010. Besides that, under the Ninth Malaysia Plan one of the main programmes is the government will allocate RM 1 billion of an expenditure of improving access and facilities for tourist arrivals, upgrade and maintaining the public and tourist infrastructure and on some marketing campaigns in major source markets. On the other hand, government Malaysia started to develop Malaysia as a regional centre for health tourism, it can attract more and difference of investment and visitor come and Malaysia for travel and invest.(Government Malaysia, 2006) According to Tourism Minister Datuk Seri Ng Yan Yan saying that Tourism Malaysia is target to attract around 2.4 million of international tourist arrival to Malaysia in year 2010, and more focus in Middle East, China and India because these country they are more sufficient visibility and will promote and encourage them join the MM2H programme and invest in Malaysia. 2.2 Changes of Tourism Demand and Tourism Supply Nowadays, tourist behaviours are keeping changing therefore the tourism demand and tourism supply also need to change. Changes of the tourism supply may take to two forms; one is a quantity change which is the number of the new facilities, attraction and shopping complex or the expansions and contraction in capacity. Once the tourists increase, the demand also will increase therefore the quantity form must keep changing to satisfy and fulfil tourist's demand like create more new facilities and infrastructure like airports and tourist attractions. Another form is quality changes, which is respect to the environment and the local infrastructure and public services that support to the tourism or the local tourism products and services. The environment and economic are keep changing and getting better, so that tourist's demand and their aspects are getting higher, such as the quality of accommodation, food and beverage of the restaurant and satisfaction of the service. In spite of, fulfil tourist's satisfaction all the infrastructure and services must be more standard. However, the changes of tourist demand is the tourists arrivals population changes, changes in the competitive position or marketing of the region and the changing of the consumer's tastes and preferences, their shopping activity and the method of spending. The income will effect to the tourist expenditure, during the financial crisis period no matter is international tourist or domestic tourist their income are affected by the financial crisis therefore when they went to travel or shopping they won't spend too much and some of them are less to go travel and shopping. Other than that, the changes of demand also include the competitive, it also will affect the tourists' arrival for Malaysia and it will directly affect the economic. Every year, many countries will launch out their own tourism year to attract international tourist to visit to their country and promote their country. Therefore, it will affect the number of tourists' arrival. For understand more about the international tourist demand. The volume and the evolution of tourist flows are investigated by using the number of international tourist arrivals for the year of 2005 -2009. Figure 2, it show that the international tourist arrivals to the Malaysia during 2005-2009. In year 2005, there have 16.4 million of tourist arrivals to Malaysia, and year 2009 there have 23.6 million of tourist arrival to Malaysia it increase around 7.2 million. In that period, the number of arrivals are growing slowing due to there have many natural disaster occur and financial crisis. In year 2009, Malaysia receipts a lot of Asia's tourist, therefore the tourist demand was changing. There are many Europe tourist is flow out to other country, so that in 2009 Europe tourist has decrease. In Table 1, it show that the importance of the Asia markets according to 2009 data on numbers of tourists arrivals. The major tourism market for Malaysia is focus on Asia Pacific; especially Singapore represents more than 50% of tourist arrivals, second is Indonesia represent around 12% of total Asia's tourist arrivals. 51Due作为专业的留学教育辅导机构,专业辅导essay代写-伯明翰assignment代写-paper代写-曼彻斯特论文代写,自2004年至今,坚持以学生为中心,全天候服务,为海外留学生完成了数万篇以上的论文,以优质的英国代写服务赢得留学生的信赖,有代写需求或者剑桥essay辅导、爱丁堡essay辅导需求的,可以咨询QQ800020041哦。 51Due网站原创范文除特殊说明外一切图文著作权归51Due所有,未经51Due官方授权谢绝任何用途转载或刊发于媒体。如发生侵犯著作权现象,51Due保留一切法律追诉权。-C 英国Dissertation代写论文精选:“关于东南亚旅客人数涨幅趋势的相关研究(2)”,这篇论文主要介绍了马来西亚的经济发展。文中指出,马来西亚经济发展如此迅速的一个很大原因得归功于旅游业,以及其丰富的自然资源。
Research Objectives 1. To understand the positive and negative impacts of economic towards tourism in Malaysia. 2. Analyze how economic affect the tourism industry. 3. Understanding the tourist behaviour in spending during the travelling period. 4. To evaluate the economic impacts of changes in tourism demand. 5. To understand the development of economic on tourism in Malaysia. 6. Analyze how important that the economic for tourism industry. 7. To evaluate the economic impacts of changes in tourism supply. 1.4 Research Questions 1. What is economic impact? 2. What are the positive and negative impacts of economic to tourism? 3. What are the effects of the economic to tourism? 4. How much earnings of foreign exchange towards tourism? 5. Who get the benefits of the tourism? 1.5 Theoretical and Conceptual Framework 1.5.1 Theoretical Framework In this research will discuss about the economic impacts on tourism in Malaysia. Due to tourism is second largest sources income of foreign exchange, therefore economic can bring a lot of impacts to tourism industry. In addition, the tourism also will bring many impact to the economic, this both of the sectors must be related. Economic in Malaysia is relying on the natural resources and many investors come from other country, tourism can attract more investors to Malaysia. Besides that, tourism can increase the foreign exchange earnings, taxes revenue and create many job opportunities; it can help to decrease Malaysia's unemployment rate. . Economic impacts have divided into positive and negative impacts to the tourism industry and local community. Positive impacts help the development of some rural area and local community, increasing the job opportunity and can change the living standard. Tourism industry involved to two types of sectors, which is direct tourism industry like hotel and restaurant the result can directly affect of the sectors and indirect tourism industry like manufacturing and supplier. Both of the sectors are important for tourism and economic, it can affect to the all parties in economic. Under Ninth Malaysia Plan, tourism industry has allocated around RM 1 billion to upgrade and create more facilities and infrastructure and for promoting funds, it really can helps the development of tourism industry. 1.5.2 Conceptual Framework Economic in Malaysia Tourism in Malaysia Direct Effects Economic Impact of Tourism Indirect Effects 1.6 Significance of the Study We need to know how important that economic for tourism industry. Tourism is one of the major industries in the world. In year 2010, the tourism economy contributes US$ 5,834.5 billion to global GDP, is around 9.3% of the total of global GDP. This is expected to growth to US $ 11,270 billion, is around 9.7% for the total of global GDP by 2020. The directly and indirectly industry supports over 235 million jobs in 2010 in global and the total is forecast to increase to just over 303 million in 2020. The global tourism investment is estimated at US$1,255.5 billion in 2010 and should reach US$2,722.3 billion by 2020. (WTTC, 2010) This all figure it means that the tourism is very important for economic, it helps the global economic gain strength in financial crisis and makes it more stable. International tourism can become a major foreign exchange earner for many low income countries like Cambodia, Indonesia, India and Africa. Many countries are trying to develop tourism sector and increase the number of incoming visitors because international tourism brings a lot of foreign exchange to the host country. In Malaysia, tourism was important to economic, it creates around 1,331,000 jobs in 2010, and it helps Malaysia's job opportunities increasing and the tourism investment brings around RM 19.9 billion revenue in 2010, it should reach RM 49.8 billion in 2020. The economic impacts of tourism usually focus on the related tourism sectors that change in sales, income and employment. Besides that, this study is make us to know and understand that economic can influence many tourism industry, it affect the income of foreign exchange, gross domestic profit (GDP), and the job opportunities within the country. There are some primary tourism sectors like lodging, dining restaurant, transportations, and retail shops are affected directly by economic. 1.7 Scope and Limitation This study is about the impacts of economic that bring to tourism. This research focus more on how economic affects the tourism and will discuss the positive and negative impacts. This study will cover the spending behaviour of international tourist in Malaysia, tourism demand in Malaysia, and many aspects of the economic impacts of tourism in Malaysia and will related with many tourism sectors. In order to complete this study, all the information will be found in internet, newspapers, magazine and journals. Although, the information about the economy of tourism in Malaysia is very limited, the World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC) which is the forum of the business leaders in the travel and tourism industry through by this internet website can get a lot of information about the economic impact of tourism in Malaysia. 51Due作为专业的留学教育辅导机构,专业辅导essay代写-伯明翰assignment代写-paper代写-曼彻斯特论文代写,自2004年至今,坚持以学生为中心,全天候服务,为海外留学生完成了数万篇以上的论文,以优质的英国代写服务赢得留学生的信赖,有代写需求或者剑桥essay辅导、爱丁堡essay辅导需求的,可以咨询QQ800020041哦。 51Due网站原创范文除特殊说明外一切图文著作权归51Due所有,未经51Due官方授权谢绝任何用途转载或刊发于媒体。如发生侵犯著作权现象,51Due保留一切法律追诉权。-C 英国Dissertation代写论文精选:“关于东南亚旅客人数涨幅趋势的相关研究(1)”,这篇论文主要介绍了东南亚的旅客人数涨幅趋势。论文以马来西亚为例,对马来西亚的经济发展进行了一番探索及思考,让读者知道了为何东南亚的旅游业能成为它们最大的收入来源。
Economic of Malaysia is growing rapidly in this few years; Malaysia has a lot of natural resources, such as tin, palm oil and rubber. Therefore, the natural resources can be the largest sources of income in Malaysia; it can help Gross Domestic Product (GDP) increasing and earning foreign exchange and tourism is the second largest sources income of foreign exchange. Tourism plays an important role for Malaysia. Tourism industry effects positively on the economy besides it can increase in foreign exchange earnings, would help promote new investments in the country, and it can increased the employment opportunities. In 1999, Malaysia tourism board has come out one campaign called "Malaysia Truly Asia", it success to bringing in over 7.9 million of tourists into Malaysia and receipts around RM 12.3 billion revenue and the revenue and tourist arrival number are keep increasing year by year. According to Tourism Malaysia official website, their objective is to promote Malaysia as an outstanding tourist destination. They aim to showcase Malaysia's unique wonders, attractions and cultures, develop domestic tourism and enhance Malaysia's share of the market for meetings, incentives, conventions and exhibitions (MICE). Their ultimate goal is to increase the number of foreign tourists to Malaysia, extend the average length of their stay and increase Malaysia's tourism revenue. (Tourism Malaysia Official Website, 2010) Malaysia government was also allocated amount of fund to tourism industry besides providing sufficient basic infrastructure. In 2006, tourism Malaysia received 30% more funding for advertising and other promotions in preparation for Visit Malaysia Year in 2007. The Malaysian government will spend RM1.8 billion under the Ninth Malaysian Plan (2006-2010), on upgrading tourist destinations and infrastructure, as well as on marketing promotions in major source markets. (Government Malaysia, 2006) Tourism can bring in a lot of foreign exchange and creating many job opportunity, therefore it play an important roles in Malaysia economy. Tourism must work with state government, regional and local community planning and the economic development. Economic impacts are also important in marketing and management decisions. According to 2005 data from World Tourism Organization (WTO), Malaysia places 14th in the ranking of counties either by international tourism arrivals. International tourism arrivals in Malaysia increased from 7.9 million in 1999 to 23.6 million in 2009, representing an average annual growth about 15.7 million and the growth of tourist receipts has been even more spectacular, rising from RM 12.3 billion in 1999 to RM 53.4 billion in 2009 with an annual growth about RM 41.1 billion (Malaysia Tourism Statistics, 2010). In 2010, Malaysia's tourism is expected to generate RM 98 billion of economic activity. The industry's direct and indirect effect of travel and tourism in Malaysia in 2010 was expected to account for 37 billion of GDP (equivalent to 5.1% of total GDP) and 597,000 jobs (5.3% of total employment). However, since the tourism touches all the sectors of the economy, it bring a real impact is even greater. The travel and tourism sector generated RM 98 billion in economy GDP (equivalent to 13.4 of total GDP), export revenue, services and merchandise representing RM 89 billion (equivalent to 12.7% of total exports), economy employment representing 1,331,000 jobs (11.9% of total employment) and it making tourism in Malaysia is the second largest contributor of foreign exchange earnings to the country after the manufacturing sector. (WTTC, 2010) Problem Statements The problem is economy will bring many positive and negative impacts to tourism in Malaysia. When year 1997 and 2007, global economic crisis were happening, it affects all the industry, tourism also affected by it. During the crisis, everyone will faced financial problem therefore there are less people willing to travel, so that it will affect the tourist arrival in Malaysia. Due to financial crisis, in 1998 tourist arrival in Malaysia only has 5.8 million. The tourism industry will affected by the economic problem, once the economic conditions was bad, many tourism industry like hotel, travel agency and restaurant, they will cut cost for example, cut down manpower, some of the hotel and travel agency's private bus or car driver, tour leader and staff for cost saving, therefore in that financial crisis years many people losing their job. After the financial crisis in 1997, tourism Malaysia trying to increase the tourist arrival and receipts, therefore, in 1999 the financial condition in Asia are growing slowly, Malaysia tourism board come out one campaign "Malaysia Truly Asia", is promote Malaysia to the world and attract more foreign tourists and encourage local people travel within Malaysia, promote inbound tourism and domestic tourism. In 2001, September 11terroism attacks issue was happen in America, there are less Europe tourists come to Asia country travel and do investment, on that period Malaysia economic will affect by that reason. Terrorism picks tourism as their target because tourism is one of the main resources from income and it has generated relationship which leads to political, social and economical issues. Nowadays, because of this financial crisis tourism has dropped with many foreign tourists are cutting their spending, and for business tourism, in order to cost cutting policies and have to reduced corporate travels to overseas to having their meeting, they using internet video conferencing and telephone conferences. Those small travel agencies company have feel to the decline in reservation and bookings, they need to cut down their manpower, if they haven't to do so, the company will bankrupt or facing many debts they owing. Same with the hotels with low occupancies, they will ask their staff to work for lesser hours and will reduce their wages. Tourism plays an important role in Malaysia's economic. The effects of global economic crisis reaches many countries that are can't imagine. Only when the global economy gains strength and gets the financial more stable it will have a better future for tourism industry in Malaysia. 51Due作为专业的留学教育辅导机构,专业辅导essay代写-伯明翰assignment代写-paper代写-曼彻斯特论文代写,自2004年至今,坚持以学生为中心,全天候服务,为海外留学生完成了数万篇以上的论文,以优质的英国代写服务赢得留学生的信赖,有代写需求或者剑桥essay辅导、爱丁堡essay辅导需求的,可以咨询QQ800020041哦。 51Due网站原创范文除特殊说明外一切图文著作权归51Due所有,未经51Due官方授权谢绝任何用途转载或刊发于媒体。如发生侵犯著作权现象,51Due保留一切法律追诉权。-C 英国assignment论文精选范文:“浅析全球化对新兴市场经济体所产生的影响(3)”,这篇论文主要介绍了全球化在如今商业环境中所占据的重要地位。如今,全球化已经成为不同国家间相互融合的必要方法了,不同的国家通过各种不同的手段,正在不断地被全球化所影响以及发展。
3.0 The impact of Globalisation on Emerging Market Economies Over the years different debates have existed on whether countries should embrace or be opposed to the phenomenon of globalisation. This debate is pioneered by the likely impact the globalisation has on the various economies or countries in the world. There has been an argument that the aspect of globalisation has favoured already the developed countries while continues to exploit the wealth of developing countries. Below therefore is the discussion on the impact of globalisation on the emerging market economies focused on five main categories; 3.1 Economic impact According to economists, there are a lot of global events connected with globalization and integration. The economy of a nation relies a lot on the business environment that exists. Whether there is high domestic trading or there is a wider range of investments from international companies. Globalisation has enabled the economies of different countries top become integrated. For example, the avenue of international trade now allows countries to have foreign currencies into their economies. Furthermore the aspect of citizens being in one country and owning property in another country is also a reality. The issues of lending has now moved to a whole new level, companies from one country ask for loans from banks in a different country as well as banks of one country can now put branches in other counties which automatically affects the economies. Governments of one nation go and obtain loans from other nations. A typical and yet most amazing scenario is the fact that the American government being in millions of debt to china which is an emerging economy. No doubt globalisation has increased the foreign direct investments in different nations. At this point in time the Mc Donald’s company of the United States of America had made a record entry to the Russian and Chinese economy when the policies of these countries had allowed room for the free market economy. The GDP of countries such as china have benefited a lot as a result of globalization. As mentioned earlier china’s GDP has been growing at a rate of 10%, one of the fastest growing rates in the world. 3.2 Socio-cultural Impact Another notable impact of globalisation has been on the culture of various societies in the world. Globalisation has been seen as a catalyst for change in the cultures of less developed countries to be more like those of the developed nations. More specifically it is seen as an imposition of the pop culture (western culture) to other countries. For example the way in which people talk, act, dress etc has changed over the last few decades. The type of music that people listen to globally has changed; even the morals of certain societies have changed. Years back, it was outrageous for women to wear miniskirts in the streets of Arabic countries, but now this is becoming debatable. Even in African countries some aspects are changing. Many people are forgoing their heritage for the new living styles which are believed to be more modernized. Now people believe that if you speak your native language and do not know how to speak English, then you are primitive. All these are a result of globalisation. The way in which people communicate has now also changed. People have conversations via the phone and have reduced the more traditional way of communication which was to visit and see each other physically. No longer are people playing sports outside, they rather play video games, watch movies in the house, all these are a result of globalisation. Furthermore there is a change in the type of ownership in the emerging economies. The aspect of globalisation has introduced a more capitalist system in nations that were primarily involved in communal ownership; the aspect of ownership has become more of individualistic nature. This being the case, there is no longer equal distribution of income among the people of china. This has benefited some of the members who believed that they deserved more for the more work they did but at the same time has created a division among the rich and the poor that was not there in the past. 3.3 Environmental Impact The environment is more of the less discussed factors at times but is ne of the most important aspect that needs to be considered when looking upon the impacts of globalization. The environment basically refers to every thing that surrounds us. In the globalized world more and more business opportunities have emerged for the different businesses in the world as a consequence the businesses that are engaged in manufacturing and involve the emission of harmful substances have increased h=and have caused a destruction in the ozone layer in different parts of the world. Furthermore, the less developed countries have suffered on the environment as the developed countries have used globalization as a means of dumping harmful products from their countries. There had been a ban on several environmentally harmful products in Europe; as a result, the European companies sold the goods to countries like Tanzania etc to not suffer losses. This was a means of dumping their waste products. On the other hand though, through globalisation, there are now campaigns all over the world that relate to environmentally protection. International; treaties on environmentally friendly productions have been signed by different nations. The reduction in green house emission treaties have been signed by many nations in the world being led by United states of America and China, the most highly polluting countries in the globe. 3.4 Technological Impact Globalisation has lead to the increase in the spread of technology all over the world. At this point in time, practically all parts of the world are awe-are of the existing technologies every where. The technology that is used in Europe is also used in china and at times even found in Africa. Globalisation has enabled the world to create, modify different technological devices that were founded by some one else in the different part of the globe. The Japanese have been known to modify different technologies that they see existing in the USA. The Chinese are now the ones who imitate all the existing technologies anywhere in the globe. The arena of globalisation has made the latest technologies to exist in every part of the world. Ranging from the latest mobile phones, laptops, video games and all other gadgets, globalisation in one way or the other has ensured that no one is left behind. 3.5 Political-Legal Impact The last aspect that globalization has impacted is on the issue of political and legal environment. Globalisation has been at the centre in the increased international laws that are in existence, the existence on the global organizations that provide principles across the world. The United Nations (UN), the World Bank (WB), the international monetary fund (IMF) and the like. The increased interconnectedness of different counties has enabled the existence of the organizations to crops cut different countries. For example some of the policies in the less developing countries (LDCs) such as the Structural Adjustment Program have been influenced by the World bank, some have been influenced by the united nations etc. This shows how globalization has impacted the political and legal atmosphere of a nation. Country losses its sovereignty in globalization as it is being scrutinized by the international countries. For example all of the countries are now looking at the policies of china and try to challenge some of the things that it is doing. In so doing, the sovereignty of the country is being lost (Croucher, 2004). 4.0 Conclusion In general, no one can deny the fact that globalisation is inevitable in today’s competitive business environment. The issue is on how the countries take the existence of globalisation. Through in the discussion we saw that there are benefits that are being seen from the existence of the phenomenon, but there are also detrimental effects. All of these depend on the nation and hence the context in which globalisation takes place since each country differs from one another in terms of comparative advantages. There are issues that are related to the loss of a country’s freedom and sovereignty that play a key part on whether to embrace or reject globalisation, nevertheless, globalisation will happen. In a brief overview though one can see that there are many economically related benefits that have been associated with emerging market economies and hence probable cause for the increased acceptance in the phenomenon .The aspects of the expanding sales i.e. where by the emerging economies are having a wider market for its products is a notable reason for the acceptance of globalisation. Now the countries with emerging economies are having the markets in practically in many or any country of the world ranging from Europe to Africa, the Middle East and America. Furthermore, they have now been able to acquire resources such as technology and cheap labour from the various countries that they have invested in. The acceptance in globalisation has also reduced the risks that have been associated with the investment in only their country as there are many fruitful opportunities in other countries. However, in essay 2 critical assessments on the impact of globalisation to the emerging market economies will be discussed by evaluating the positive and negative impacts in particular the culture (socio-culture), economic, technology and environment of China. 51Due作为专业的留学教育辅导机构,专业辅导essay代写-伯明翰assignment代写-paper代写-曼彻斯特论文代写,自2004年至今,坚持以学生为中心,全天候服务,为海外留学生完成了数万篇以上的论文,以优质的英国代写服务赢得留学生的信赖,有代写需求或者剑桥essay辅导、爱丁堡essay辅导需求的,可以咨询QQ800020041哦。 51Due网站原创范文除特殊说明外一切图文著作权归51Due所有,未经51Due官方授权谢绝任何用途转载或刊发于媒体。如发生侵犯著作权现象,51Due保留一切法律追诉权。-C 英国assignment论文精选范文:“浅析全球化对新兴市场经济体所产生的影响(2)”,这篇论文的主要目的是为读者揭开全球化经济的神秘面纱。论文对全球化带来的影响进行了说明,并对新兴市场经济的概念及特征进行了一番介绍,让读者充分理解到全球化对于市场经济来说是多么重要的一种存在。
2.2.3 Attractive to Multinational Corporations The countries in this category are very much on the list of the favourable environments for investment by the MNC because of the ability to provide lower costs of labour and providing a large customer base. 2.2.4 Large Population The first feature of these economies is the population in their country. The emerging economies have a large number of people in their countries as compared to other countries in the world. In the business terms it means they contain a very large share of the consumer base in their own country. China for example is the most populated country ion the world, and India is also one of the single countries that have many people as almost the entire African continent. 2.2.5 High Gross Domestic Product Growth These economies have a remarkable rate of growth on their GDP. China has been estimated to have a 10% growth rate in the last decade. This rate makes it the fastest growing economy in the world and in years to come it may have the leading economy in the world above the United States of America. Much of the growth however had been due to receiving Foreign Direct Investments from the Triads (USA, Japan and Europe), thought in the recent years the BRIC group has also been investing in the Triads. 2.2.6 Changes in Living style The countries with the emerging economies are experiencing an increase in the change in the life style of its population. There is a tremendous change in terms of industrialization, modernisation as well as urbanization. The rural areas are eroding and more cities with tall buildings and many investments are becoming prominent. Some of the wealthiest businesses and business man are found in these emerging economies. Most of the countries populations are more into becoming modern and more urbanised now than years back. Furthermore the standard of living has improved markedly in these emerging economies. Many millions continue to live in poverty but a growing urban middle class provides an expanding market for both domestic products and for imports from abroad. 2.2.7 Volatility of Assets The world’s interest for the assets of the emerging market economies has risen over the past years. The assets of the Emerging economies also tend to become volatile at times, the returns is really worth risking for. The funds of the Emerging economies have also resulted in a much higher percentage of wealth. 2.3 The Concept of Globalisation Globalisation has been a concept narrated for many years by different scholar’s world wide. Various dimensions come to light when the term globalisation is mentioned. Basically the issue of integration, in terms of the economy, technology, social aspects as well as politics is of highest consideration when one defines globalisation. Globalisation is the system of interaction among the countries of the world in order to develop the global economy. Some scholars have defined globalisation simply as the process of interaction and integration among the people, companies, and governments of different nations, a process driven by international trade and investment and aided by information technology. This process has effects on the environment, culture, political systems, economic development and prosperity, and human physical well-being in societies around the world. Globalisation has been refers to the integration of economics and societies all over the world. Globalisation involves technological, economic, political, and cultural exchanges made possible largely by advances in communication, transportation, and infrastructure (Croucher, 2004). Others however as previously mentioned have defined globalisation as the process of interaction and integration among the people, companies, and governments of different nations, a process driven by international trade and investment and aided by information technology. This process has effects on the environment, on culture, on political systems, on economic development and prosperity, and on human physical well-being in societies around the world Globalisation attempts to depict the steps by which the networks in the world in terms of communication, transportation and trading cause the linking (integration) of the regional economies, societies, cultures, as well as technologies. At this point in time most of the world is considering the aspect of economic globalisation as one of the single most significant aspect of globalization. With this in mind economic globalization has been separately defined as the linking of economies of different nations to create an international economy via trade, FDIs, Investment cash flows, and the disperse of technology. Globalisation is usually recognized as being driven by the union of the economic, technological, socio-cultural, political, environmental and biological factors. For the purpose of this essay, we therefore define the term globalization as the rapid increase in the interconnectedness of the different countries economically, socially, politically, technologically as well as environmentally to resemble a single village; the process highly being facilitated by the increase in the information and communication technology. 2.4 Drivers of Globalisation. There are many issues that have been discussed when it comes to why is there such an enormous increase in globalisation and why many countries are opening their doors to this phenomenon much easily than before. One of the most common explanation to this has been summarized in one common and yet unique sentence. That is “globalisation is inevitable” meaning it will occurs, whether one likes it or not it will happen. Never the less that sentence is too short to provide the core drivers of globalisation but rather only explain that the phenomenon is there to stay. The drivers for globalisation can be put into the following categories: Market drivers Cost drivers Technology drivers Governmental drivers Competitive drivers These drivers are better explained below: 2.4.1 Market Driver This actually refers to when the companies consider the various markets to invest. The shifting of the policies of the different governments in the world top having a free market economy has in fact lead to businesses that had a market that was limited to one country to have a global market that waits for the specific products or services that they offer. At this point in companies in different parts of the world have to greater accessibility of the different countries world wide. If there was a trend of no free market economy, the phenomenon of globalization would have been accelerating at a vey small pace and the major transformations will not have been recognized. At this point in time there is the merging of national markets into a singular massive global marketplace. To sell internationally is now easier due to falling of barriers on the cross-border trade. A company doesn’t have to be the size of these multinational giants to facilitate and benefit from the globalization of markets (Owens 2008 assignment writing service assignment.lxws.net) 2.4.2 Production Cost Driver This becomes a driver when it occurs that the costs of production in your country is greater than in another country for the same product, hence it becomes more advantageous for you to produce in another country than in your own. It refers to the sourcing of goods and services from locations around the world to take advantage of national differences in the cost and quality of factors of production. The idea is to compete more effectively offering a product with good quality and low cost. Companies consider the various lifestyle of the country before considering the price of the product and services to render. The companies that find themselves in search for international trade opportunities need to take into account the cost implications associated to where they want to invest. For example one might consider producing certain products in Tanzania than in Europe due to cheaper labour costs etc (Owens 2008) 2.4.3 Technology Driver This actually refers to when there is increasing technology system, transportation, advancing in the level of world trade system. The have been many developments in technology to date and the rate seems unstoppable. These developments or changes in Technological have achieved advances in communication, information processing, and transportation technology, including the Internet and the World Wide Web (www). The most important innovation has been development in the microprocessors after that global communications have been revolutionized by developments in satellite, optical fiber, and wireless technologies, and now the Internet and the World Wide Web. The rapid growth of the internet and the associated World Wide Web is the latest expression of this development. Besides, innovations have occurred in the field of the transportation technology. The development of commercial jet aircraft has reduced the time needed to get from one location to another. Now China is closer to the USA than ever (Owens 2008) 2.4.4 Government Driver This refers to the reduction of trade tariffs and non trade tariffs, as a result of reducing the role of political policies. As previously mentioned the adoption of the free market economy has essentially causes the fall of barriers to international trade. Now firms are able to view the entire global as its potential market. The lowering of barrier to trade and investments also allows firms to base production at the optimal location for that activity in order to achieve location economies. A firm might therefore , design a product in one country, create a part/ component parts in two other countries, assemble the product in another country and then export the finished product around the world. The lowering of trade barriers has facilitated the globalisation of production. The evidence also suggests that foreign direct investment is playing an increasing role in the global economy (Croucher, 2004). 2.4.5 Competition Driver The aspect of better products as a result of competition has actually made the aspect of globalisation an essential part in many economies. The competition among companies ensures that there is a production of high quality products globally (Owens 2008) 51Due作为专业的留学教育辅导机构,专业辅导essay代写-伯明翰assignment代写-paper代写-曼彻斯特论文代写,自2004年至今,坚持以学生为中心,全天候服务,为海外留学生完成了数万篇以上的论文,以优质的英国代写服务赢得留学生的信赖,有代写需求或者剑桥essay辅导、爱丁堡essay辅导需求的,可以咨询QQ800020041哦。 51Due网站原创范文除特殊说明外一切图文著作权归51Due所有,未经51Due官方授权谢绝任何用途转载或刊发于媒体。如发生侵犯著作权现象,51Due保留一切法律追诉权。-C |
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